The workbook window
A tour of the title bar, ribbon, formula bar, grid, sheet tabs, side panels and status bar, with a map of every ribbon tab.
When a workbook is open, the window is laid out like this, from top to bottom:
- The title bar — the workbook’s name and the commands for the whole file.
- The ribbon — tabs of commands, grouped by task.
- The formula bar — the name box, the function button and the contents of the current cell.
- The find bar, when it is open.
- The grid — the cells of the current sheet, with pictures, shapes, charts, slicers and timelines floating over them.
- The sheet tabs.
- The status bar.
A side panel can open on the right of the grid: the function browser, the Watch window, the Queries panel or the Comments panel. Only one is open at a time.
Title bar
From left to right:
| Control | What it does |
|---|---|
| Back arrow (Close) | Closes the workbook. If there are unsaved changes, you’re asked whether to save them. See Getting started. |
| Workbook name | The file name without its extension. An amber dot after it means there are Unsaved changes. A lock means the file is read-only. |
| Location | The file’s full path, or Not saved yet for a new workbook. |
| Save | Saves the workbook. Unavailable for a read-only file. |
| Download icon (Save a copy as) | Saves a copy as an Excel workbook, PDF, CSV, TSV or web page. |
| Three dots (More) | A short menu of common commands, described below. |
On macOS the window’s own close, minimise and zoom buttons sit at the far left of this bar.
The More menu
| Item | What it does |
|---|---|
| Find and replace… | Opens the find bar. See Find and replace. |
| Function browser | Opens or closes the function browser panel. |
| Grid lines | Shows or hides the grid lines on this sheet. |
| Freeze panes here | Freezes the rows above and the columns to the left of the current cell, or unfreezes them. |
| Filter | Turns filters on or off for the selection. |
| Format as table | Opens the Format as table dialog. |
Ribbon
The ribbon has these tabs: Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data, Review and View. Two more tabs appear only when they apply:
- Table, between Data and Review, while the current cell is inside a table.
- Chart, while a chart is selected.
Each tab is divided into labelled groups. Many controls are icons; hover over one to see its name and, where there is one, its keyboard shortcut. Controls with a small arrow open a menu of choices.
To fold the ribbon away and leave only the tab names, click the tab that is already open, or click the chevron at the right end of the tab row (Collapse the ribbon). Click any tab, or the chevron again (Show the ribbon), to bring it back.
The Undo and Redo buttons are at the right end of the tab row, next to the chevron, so they are available whichever tab is open. Their tooltips name the action they will undo or redo — for example Undo Bold — or say Nothing to undo.
A control that is switched on — bold text, a visible pane, a protected sheet — is highlighted. A control that can’t be used right now is greyed out, and its tooltip usually says why.
Home tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Clipboard | Cut, Copy, Paste menu (Paste, Values only, Formatting only, Transposed, Link to the original), format painter |
| Font | Font, font size, increase and decrease font size, Bold, Italic, Underline, double underline, Text colour, Fill colour, Borders menu |
| Alignment | Top align, Middle align, Bottom align, Angle menu, Decrease indent, Increase indent, Align left, Centre, Align right, Wrap text, merge, Merge across, Direction menu |
| Number | Number format, Currency menu, Percent, comma style, Format cells…, Add a decimal place, Remove a decimal place |
| Styles | Cell styles menu, format as table, Rules menu (conditional formatting) |
| Cells | Insert menu, Delete menu, Format menu |
| Editing | Default width menu, AutoSum (Σ), Fill menu, Reapply, Clear menu, Sort menu, Find menu |
See Entering and editing data, Formatting cells and Rows, columns and sheets.
Insert tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Tables | Format as table, PivotTable menu |
| Charts | Recommended chart, Chart menu, PivotChart menu, format chart, delete chart |
| Sparklines | Line, column and win/loss sparklines, sparkline options |
| Comments | Add or edit a note on the current cell |
| Controls | Checkbox menu |
| Illustrations | Picture, Shapes menu |
| Text | Text box, Header & Footer, Symbol menu |
| Sheets | Add a sheet |
Page Layout tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Themes | Theme menu (named after the current theme), Colours menu, Fonts menu |
| Page setup | Paper size menu, orientation, Margins menu, Print area menu, Breaks menu, Print titles, Preview, Print |
| Scale to fit | Width menu, Height menu, Scale menu |
| Background | Background or Delete background |
| Arrange | Arrange menu, Align menu, Group menu, Rotate menu, Selection pane |
| Sheet options | Sheet right to left, grid lines on screen, print the grid lines, print the headings |
See Printing and exporting, Themes and backgrounds and Pictures, shapes and text boxes.
Formulas tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Function library | Financial, Logical, Text, Date, Lookup, Maths, Stats, Recent (once you have used a function from these buttons), browse all functions |
| AutoSum | Sum, Average, Count, Max, Min |
| Defined names | Names, Use in formula (when the workbook has names), From selection menu |
| Auditing | Trace precedents, trace dependents, remove arrows, Errors, Evaluate, Watch window |
| Calculation | Calculation mode menu (Automatic or Manual), calculate now, This sheet |
See Writing formulas and Auditing formulas.
Data tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Get & transform | From text, From range, refresh all, Queries |
| Sort & filter | Sort A to Z, Sort Z to A, turn filters on or off, Filter…, Sort…, Advanced…, reapply, Clear |
| Data tools | Duplicates, Split menu, Flip, Flash fill, Consolidate…, Validation… |
| Forecast | Goal seek…, Data table…, Scenarios…, Forecast… |
| Analysis | Solver… |
| Connections | Links |
| Outline | Group menu, Ungroup menu, Hide detail, Show detail, Level menu and Clear (when the sheet has an outline), Subtotal |
| Fill | Fill down, fill right |
See Sorting and filtering, Data tools, Importing data with queries, What-if analysis and Outlines and grouping.
Table tab
Appears while the current cell is inside a table.
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Properties | The table’s name (click to rename), To range |
| Style options | Header, Totals, Banded rows, Banded columns, First column, Last column |
| Filter | Slicer menu, Timeline menu (when the table has a date column) |
| Style | Style menu, Totals… |
See Tables, slicers and timelines.
Chart tab
Appears while a chart is selected.
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Type | Chart type menu (named after the current type) |
| Layout | Legend menu, data labels, Title… |
| Series | Grouping menu |
Review tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Proofing | Statistics |
| Accessibility | Check |
| Comments | Start or reply to a thread, delete the thread, Previous comment, Next comment, Comments (or the number of open threads) |
| Notes | New or edit note, delete note, Previous note, Next note, the number of notes on the sheet |
| Protect | Protect or unprotect the sheet, Workbook, Allow ranges…, Lock, Unlock |
See Notes and comments, Protecting sheets and workbooks and Checking a workbook before you share it.
View tab
| Group | Controls |
|---|---|
| Workbook views | Normal, Page Break Preview, Page Layout, Custom views… |
| Page breaks | Insert, Remove, Reset, the page count |
| Show | Grid lines |
| Window | Freeze panes, Split |
| Zoom | Zoom out, the zoom percentage (click to reset to 100%), Zoom in, Fit |
See Views, zoom and split panes.
Formula bar
The formula bar runs across the top of the grid.
- Name box — on the left. It shows the address of the selection, such as
B4orA1:C9. Type an address and press Enter to jump there. A whole column (B:D) or row (2:5) works too. Anything that isn’t an address shows ”…” is not a cell reference. in the status bar. - Insert a function — the button with a formula icon next to the name box. It opens and closes the function browser panel.
- Contents box — the rest of the bar. It shows what the current cell holds: the formula (starting with
=) for a formula cell, or the value as typed — a date shows as its underlying number. When the cell is empty, the box reads Enter a value, or = to start a formula. Click in the box to edit the cell there, and press Enter to confirm the entry and move to the cell below. Formulas are shown in a monospaced font.
Grid
The grid shows the current sheet. Column letters run across the top and row numbers down the left. The top-left corner, where the headings meet, selects all the data on the sheet.
What you may see on the grid:
| What you see | What it means |
|---|---|
| A thick outline with a small square at its bottom-right corner | The selection and its fill handle |
| A dashed outline | The cells you copied or cut |
### in a cell | A number too wide for its column. Widen the column. |
| A small amber triangle in a cell’s top-right corner | The cell has a note. The marker is drawn on cells that hold a value. |
| A filled dot in a cell’s bottom-right corner | The cell has an open comment thread. A hollow dot means the thread is resolved. Like the note marker, it is drawn on cells that hold a value. |
| A tick box in a cell | A checkbox cell |
A gutter with bars and small + and − boxes left of the row numbers or above the column letters | An outline. See Outlines and grouping. |
| Blue arrows between cells | Trace arrows. See Auditing formulas. |
| Solid and dashed lines with large faint page numbers | Page Break Preview. See Views, zoom and split panes. |
| A grey line across or down the grid | The edge of frozen panes or a split |
Scroll with the mouse wheel or trackpad. Hold Shift while turning a mouse wheel to scroll sideways.
Sheet tabs
The sheet tabs run along the bottom of the window.
- The + button at the left (Add a sheet) adds a new sheet.
- Click a tab to show that sheet. The current sheet’s tab is highlighted.
- A coloured dot on a tab is the sheet’s tab colour.
- A lock on a tab marks a sheet that is hidden in the file.
- Right-click a tab for Rename…, Delete, Move left and Move right.
Status bar
The status bar is the strip along the bottom of the window.
| Part | What it shows |
|---|---|
| Left | The address of the current cell, and the size of the selection when more than one cell is selected — for example 4R × 3C |
| Middle | The last thing that happened — for example Saved to a path, or why a command was refused. Before anything has happened it shows Sum, Average and Count for a selection of numbers, Count for a selection of text, or the sheet’s name and used range. |
| Calculate | Appears when the workbook is set to manual calculation and some results are out of date. Click it to recalculate. |
| Min and Max | The smallest and largest numbers in the selection |
| Zoom | The zoom percentage. Click it to zoom in by 25%; after 200% it goes back to 50%. |
| Spinner | Appears while the workbook is being saved or exported |
Read the status bar after any command that seems to do nothing: most commands that can’t run say why there.
Side panels
| Panel | How to open it | See |
|---|---|---|
| Functions | Insert a function in the formula bar, the browse button on the Formulas tab, or More › Function browser | Writing formulas |
| Watch window | The Watch window button on the Formulas tab | Auditing formulas |
| Queries | Data › Get & transform › Queries | Importing data with queries |
| Comments | Review › Comments | Notes and comments |
Close a panel with the × button at its top right, or by clicking the button that opened it again.
Something unclear or out of date on this page? Tell us.